英語介詞的使用
英語的介詞使用廣泛而搭配多樣，它們表達與句子中其它單詞的關系。介詞本身如，in或after若不和其它單詞搭配，很難定義其含義。因此必須是一個介詞短語才有意義。
我們用教授的desk為例來描述介詞的功能。
Theprofessorcansitbeforethedesk(orinfrontofthedesk).
Theprofessorcansitonthedesk(whenhe'sbeinginformal)orbehindthedesk,andthenhisfeetareunderthedeskorbeneaththedesk.
Hecanstandbesidethedesk(meaningnexttothedesk).
Hecanstandbeforethedesk.
Hecanstandbetweenthedeskandyou.
Theprofessorcanevenstandonthedesk(ifhe'sreallystrange).
Ifhe'sclumsy,hecanbumpintothedeskortrytowalkthroughthedesk(andstuffwouldfalloffthedesk).
Passinghishandsoverthedeskorrestinghiselbowsuponthedesk,heoftenlooksacrossthedeskandspeaksofthedeskorconcerningthedeskasiftherewerenothingelselikethedesk.
Becausehethinksofnothingexceptthedesk,sometimesyouwonderaboutthedesk,what'sinthedesk,whathepaidforthedesk,andifhecouldlivewithoutthedesk.
Youcanwalktowardthedesk,tothedesk,aroundthedesk,bythedesk,andevenpastthedeskwhilehesitsatthedeskorleansagainstthedesk.上面藍色的單詞都是介詞，都是表達了與桌子的關系。看到這么多介詞在英語中表示與桌子的關系是不是很吃驚？這些介詞的搭配對于歐美國家說英語的人習以為常，但對我們這些把英語當外語學習的人的確是個挑戰。
所有這些的發生都和時間有關:duringtheclass,beforetheclass,untiltheclass,throughouttheclass,aftertheclass,等等。
看下面的例子，即便同樣的主謂結構，可能介詞短語不同：
Weareatthehospitaltovisitafriendwhoisinthehospital.
Welieinbedbutwelieonthecouch.
Wewatchafilmatthetheaterbutwewatchafilmontelevision.
表達時間的介詞:at,on,andin
用at指代特定的時間
Thetrainisdueat12:15p.m.
用on指定特定的一天或日期
Weuseontodesignatedaysanddates.MybrotheriscomingonMonday.We'rehavingapartyontheFourthofJuly.
用in表達年、季節、一天的某段時間。Shelikestojoginthemorning.It'stoocoldinwintertorunoutside.Hestartedthejobin1971.He'sgoingtoquitinAugust.
表達地點的介詞at,on,andin
我們用at代表具體的地點：Boblivesat55BoretzRoadinDurham.
我們用on來指代街道、馬路的名稱。HerhouseisonBoretzRoad.
我們用in來表達某個地區。ShelivesinDurham.DurhamisinWindhamCounty.WindhamCountyisinConnecticut.
表達位置的介詞：in,at,andon或沒有介詞
IN(the)bed*thebedroomthecar(the)class*thelibrary*school*
ATclass*homethelibrary*theofficeschool*work
ONthebed*theceilingthefloorthehorsetheplanethetrain
NOPREPOSITIONdownstairsdowntowninsideoutsideupstairsuptown
表達運動的介詞:toTheyweredrivingtoworktogether.She'sgoingtothedentist'sofficethismorning.
Toward和towards也是有用的介詞表達運動，意思相同，知識拼寫不同，用哪一個取決于哪個在句子中發音順口。We'removingtowardthelight.Thisisabigsteptowardstheproject'scompletion.
若有home,downtown,uptown,inside,outside,downstairs,upstairs,等這類詞，不需要介詞。GrandmawentupstairsGrandpawenthome.Theybothwentoutside.
時間相連的介詞:forandsince
我們用for來衡量時間的的長短：Heheldhisbreathforsevenminutes.She'slivedthereforsevenyears.TheBritishandIrishhavebeenquarrelingforsevencenturies.
我們用since和一個特定的時間或日期相連.He'sworkedheresince1970.She'sbeensittinginthewaitingroomsincetwo-thirty.
介詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞搭配
當介詞與名詞或形容詞等搭配時候，往往約定熟成，稱為固定搭配，構成了一個單詞或詞組。
名詞與介詞的組合
approvalofawarenessofbeliefinconcernforconfusionaboutdesirefor
fondnessforgraspofhatredofhopeforinterestinloveof
needforparticipationinreasonforrespectforsuccessinunderstandingof
形容詞與介詞的組合
afraidofangryatawareofcapableofcarelessaboutfamiliarwith
fondofhappyaboutinterestedinjealousofmadeofmarriedto
proudofsimilartosorryforsureoftiredofworriedabout
動詞與介詞的組合
apologizeforaskaboutaskforbelongtobringupcareforfindout
giveupgrowuplookforlookforwardtolookupmakeuppayfor
prepareforstudyfortalkaboutthinkabouttrustinworkforworryabout
介詞與動詞結合形成的慣用法
agreetoaproposal,agreewithaperson,agreeonaprice,agreeinprincipleargueaboutamatter,arguewithaperson,fororagainstapropositioncomparetocomparewithcorrespondtoathing,correspondwithapersondifferfromdifferwithapersonliveatanaddress,liveinahouseorcity,liveonastreet,withotherpeople下面請你練習，在空白內填入合適的介詞,答案在后。
Wemayplayfootball.Itdepends______theweather.2.Wewanttoseeabigincrease--________productivity.3.Excuseme,sir.Youhaven’tpaid______yourdrink.4.Hiswifeissuffering_______hepatitis.5.Ihatethethought______goingbacktowork.6.Iamsorry_____________breakingyourwindow.7.Whoisresponsible_______theshoppingthisweek?8.Youremindme_______aboyIwasatschoolwith.9.Iampleased_________myexamresults.10.Thenoisefromupstairspreventedme_______sleeping.11.Sheinsisted_______payingforthedrinks.12.Iamhavingdifficulty_______myvisaprocessing.答案
1.Wemayplayfootball.Itdependsontheweather.2.Wewanttoseeabigincreaseinproductivity.3.Excuseme,sir.Youhaven’tpaidforyourdrink.4.Hiswifeissufferingfromhepatitis.5.Ihatethethoughtofgoingbacktowork.6.Iamsorryfor/aboutbreakingyourwindow.7.Whoisresponsiblefortheshoppingthisweek?8.YouremindmeofaboyIwasatschoolwith.9.Iampleasedwith/about/atmyexamresults.10.Thenoisefromupstairspreventedmefromsleeping.11.Sheinsistedonpayingforthedrinks.12.Iamhavingdifficultywithmyvisaprocessing.
